Atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries is a serious vascular condition involving the accumulation of fatty plaques—mainly cholesterol, lipids, and inflammatory cells—within the arterial walls supplying the brain. This buildup narrows the arteries, restricting oxygen-rich blood flow to brain tissue and increasing the risk of life-threatening events such as strokes.
Symptoms often appear when blood supply becomes critically reduced. Common signs include sudden facial numbness, arm or leg weakness (especially on one side of the body), slurred speech, vision disturbances, and acute confusion. These may signal a transient ischemic attack (TIA), a warning sign of potential stroke. In severe cases, a complete arterial blockage can trigger an ischemic stroke, potentially leading to permanent disability or death.
The most significant risk factors for cerebral atherosclerosis include hypertension, high LDL cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and lack of physical activity. Aging and a family history of cardiovascular disease further increase susceptibility. Over time, plaques may rupture, forming clots that completely obstruct blood flow—a key mechanism in many strokes.
Recent advancements have improved diagnosis and treatment. Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, and MRI scans help detect arterial narrowing early. Treatment typically starts with lifestyle modifications—such as adopting a Mediterranean diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking—combined with medications like statins, antiplatelet agents, and antihypertensives. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as carotid endarterectomy or angioplasty with stenting are performed to restore adequate blood flow.
Timely recognition and management are crucial. According to the World Stroke Organization (2024), early intervention during a TIA can reduce the risk of stroke by over 80%. As such, public awareness of warning signs and routine cardiovascular screening remain essential in mitigating the long-term consequences of cerebral atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis in Cerebral Arteries: Symptoms and Implications
